Sodium Gluconate

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 5.5 is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent.

WARNINGS Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity and infusion reactions have been reported with Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. See ADVERSE REACTIONS . Stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, such as tachycardia, chest pain, dyspnea and flushing. Institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures as clinically indicated. Electrolyte Imbalances Fluid Overload Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP can cause electrolyte disturbances such as overhydration and congested states, including pulmonary congestion and edema. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with or at risk for fluid and/or solute overloading. If use cannot be avoided, monitor fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance, as needed and especially during prolonged use. Hyponatremia Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP may cause hyponatremia. Hyponatremia can lead to acute hyponatremic encephalopathy characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy, and vomiting. Patients with brain edema are at particular risk of severe, irreversible and life-threatening brain injury. The risk of hospital-acquired hyponatremia is increased in patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure, and in patients with non-osmotic vasopressin release (including SIADH) treated with high volume of hypotonic Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in hypervolemic or overhydrated patients. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia may occur with Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. Conditions that may increase the risk of hypernatremia, fluid overload and edema (central and peripheral), include patients with: primary hyperaldosteronism; secondary hyperaldosteronism associated with, for example, hypertension, congestive heart failure, liver disease (including cirrhosis), renal disease (including renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis); and pre-eclampsia. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or corticotropin, may also increase risk of sodium and fluid retention, see PRECAUTIONS . Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with, or at risk for, hypernatremia. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations. Hypermagnesemia Avoid solutions containing magnesium, including Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with or predisposed to hypermagnesemia, including patients with severe renal impairment and those patients receiving magnesium therapy (e.g., treatment of eclampsia and myasthenia gravis). Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not indicated for the treatment of hypomagnesemia. Acidosis Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not for use for the treatment of lactic acidosis or severe metabolic acidosis in patients with severe liver and/or renal impairment. Alkalosis Excess administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP can result in metabolic alkalosis. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with alkalosis or at risk for alkalosis. Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not indicated for the treatment of hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis. Avoid use in patients with hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis. Hypocalcemia Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP contains no calcium, and an increase in plasma pH due to its alkalinizing effect may lower the concentration of ionized (not-protein bound) calcium. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with hypocalcemia. Hyperkalemia Potassium-containing solutions, including Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Patient's at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia include those: With conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia and/or associated with increased sensitivity to potassium, such as patients with severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, extensive tissue injury or burns, certain cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure. Treated concurrently or recently with agents or products that cause or increase the risk of hyperkalemia (see PRECAUTIONS ). Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with, or at risk for hyperkalemia If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations. Although Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP has a potassium concentration similar to the concentration in plasma, it is insufficient to produce a useful effect in case of severe potassium deficiency; therefore, it is not indicated for correction of severe potassium deficiency.